Abuse of Legal and Illegal Drugs

Substance abuse is the use of substances with a maladaptive pattern that causes clinically significant damage or distress (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 114-115). The difference in the use of drugs and drugs of abuse depends on three factors: drug use, drug usage, and drug influence on humans. Drug abuse usually involves drugs that use drugs in excess regardless of whether they are legal or illegal. For example, marijuana is illegal in some states, but illegal in other states. In this article I will explain issues of legal substance abuse and illegal substance abuse. I will explain the four medicines in each category. Among legally abused drugs, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and herbs will be discussed. Illegal drugs that are often exploited in this article are drugs that are the most commonly used or abused drugs in the world for cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin. Among these drugs, the risk of the drug itself is discussed and several types of treatments that at tempt to interrupt the use of drugs will be discussed. Drug abuse occurs when people voluntarily consume illegal substances or legal prescribing medications to change their mood or to become high. Regular drug use can lead to drug addiction or other physical harm. Drug abuse usually involves the sale, purchase or abuse of these substances, which can lead to arrests, criminal charges and imprisonment. The term substance abuse is often associated with illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana. Recently, dangerous design medicines such as bath salt and club medicine such as ecstasy are becoming increasingly popular. Legitimate substances such as tobacco and alcohol are also associated with dangerous abuse. Drug abuse includes both legal and illegal drugs. Defining a drug as a legitimate or an illegal substance does not determine whether the substance is responsible for dependence or abuse. Substances include alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, amphetamine, cocaine, inhalants, opioids, sleeping pills, and the like. Most people can safely use various substances as social conditioners (eg beer or other drinking alcohol or social alcohol). Heroin and cocaine can be used to treat pain under medical supervision, but it is well known that it is an addictive substance. The prevention and treatment of damage is often related to the problem of drug abuse. The use or abuse of legitimate or illegal drugs or illegal drugs or crimes before a crime may be a relevant factor for the victim and some victims may be injured after a crime as a means to alleviate pain or trauma Use and abuse. Studies have shown that victims of drug and alcohol abuse may be at risk of further damage and lead to a series of repetitive violent acts that gradually become destructive without intervention (Substance Abuse Treatment Center, 1997).

Legalizing drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legalizing drugs - Essay Example ‘This means buyers and sellers cannot resolve their disputes with lawsuits, arbitration or advertising, so they resort to violence instead’ (Miron, 2009). This led Miron to controversially conclude ‘the only way to reduce violence is to legalize drugs’. I aim to discuss arguments supporting the controlled legalization drugs. ‘The legalization of drugs would massively reduce organized crime’ (Micklethwart, 1994). Legalization wouldn’t mean the existing ‘evil drug pushers’ controlling the market. Instead, official legal businesses (e.g. cigarette companies) would take control of the drug industry. ‘The number of drug related murders would fall because turf battles would be settled by law instead of gun fire and corruption/blackmail/bribes by drug dealers to judges, government officials and the police, etc would diminish’ (Micklethwart, 1994). Cussen and Block (2000) also claim that the price of drugs could fall if they are made legal due to increased competition amongst drug companies, which could reduce theft, and murder rates among addicts in order to get their next ‘fix’ because they wouldn’t need as much money to afford them. The increased availability of drugs could therefore decrease drug-related crime. Drug revenues of cartels (often international organisations which support terrorism and add to violent crime) could also diminish due to drug revenues being increasingly distributed by free-market forces (Cussen and Block, 2000). On the whole, crime figures would reduce dramatically as formerly illegal activities become ‘socially approved business transactions (Cussen and Block, 2000: 528). ... However, when prohibition ended, alcohol related crime decreased. The same scenario could happen if drugs were legalized too. The legalization of drugs could also stop the ‘potency effect’, which is best summarized with the example of prohibition. During this time, the sellers would sell alcohol with higher alcoholic concentrations (higher potency) because ‘hard liquors’ had greater value (per unit of volume) (Cussen and Block, 2000). This resulted in people drinking alcohol with higher concentrations such as vodka, which, when drunk excessively is more dangerous than beer and wine. The same ‘potency effect’ can also be applied to today’s drug trade, in which dealers carry more potent drugs (which are also the most dangerous to consume, e.g. cocaine) due to their greater monetary value. I believe the ‘potent effect’ of drugs could be reduced is they were legalized. A legalized drug trade could also save taxpayers money. For e xample, in the UK, drug related crime costs the state department ?16 billion a year. Easton (2009) estimated that a regulated drug market for cocaine and heroin would see ?7 billion worth of savings due to savings in the cost of drug crime. ‘Jails are also often overcrowded and large amounts of tax payers dollars are being spent on enforcement efforts that only aggravate the problem’ (Cussen and Block, 2000: 532). Legalizing drugs could therefore cut the costs, not only of the consequences of addicts’ habits, but also for tax payers. Legalizing drugs would also mean that they could be taxed like alcohol and cigarettes, which would provide the state with a new substantial form of revenue which could outweigh related expenditure / costs, occurred onto

Reflection in Business Research Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection in Business Research - Dissertation Example I could visualize a reality of applying and implementing suitable models, frameworks and theories that I choose and got surprised how I used it to base on realities of social research. According to Peter Jarvis (1995:75), learning from primary experience is essentially obtaining through sense experience. I believe it reaffirms what Weil and McGill’s (1989:3) described in the four ‘villages’ model. I can derive from the Village one my life and work experience at Coventry University drew from my ability to assess and accredit learning. Village two allowed me to focus on experiential learning on the platform of brings change to my perception of business research methods on how to write professional reports. In Village three, I aroused group consciousness of my colleagues as I sought their views regarding preparing administering questionnaires and carrying out interviews. Because of these concepts, I read through them then picked some ideas and implemented them by doi ng the above. In Village four, I came to the realization that I needed to engender personal growth and self awareness in graduate research. It taught me how to take advantage of hidden opportunities in academic institutions of identifying research areas, questions and designing research methodology. I was able to gather data through successful communication with respondents to allow me (source), conduct a knowledgeable conversation with the respondents (receiver), which relayed a message on marketing content (Kolb, 1984). The feedback was outstanding; I effectively executed my research tasks in the business discipline at Coventry University. I feel nurtured to become a distinguished scholar and researcher providing professional trainers, state of the art university facilities and equipment for training. I have felt that I needed to hone my communication and business skills including wring professional reports. With the help of 5Ws strategy, I utilized it to ignite my writing process (Mohan et al, 2008). In the 5Ws (who, what, when, where, and why), I used it as an effective strategy to enhance my creative thinking especially when it comes to writing business reports. In times of difficulty, I requested help from my tutor at the department in the university who assisted in proof reading my work and giving me feedback. I also applied (Mohan et al, 2008), the transition process of communication. In order to be more clear and concise, the set of questions provided by (Emerson, 2009), applied to all my questionnaires work. I also made sure to proofread and edit all my works. It proved to be an effective technique, especially when it came to communicating with Vodafone clients and suppliers. In addition, I developed a habit of applying the 5Ws strategy on every message and email that I write to ensure the key points stand out. According to Kolb’s learning styles, I felt that I was feeling and watching the different customer and product perspectives. I slowly found myself accommodative to the views by feeling and doing aggressive marketing. To improve on communication skills, I employed the communications model (Solomon, Charbonneau, Hughes, Chitty, Marshall and Stuart, 2008), to comprehend how ideas transforms into messages. They are then  relayed from the marketer to the consumer. In assimilating, I conjured the ideals of watching and thinking by updating with the latest business news, through joining online communities and utilizing social networking to make connections. I took the time to understand the operations and functions of Vodafone marketing research department. My strength was always in the willingness to research and investigate new ideas that I felt were beneficial to my tutor. It has helped me to undertake a